1. What lastensuojelu is — and what it is not
Child welfare (lastensuojelu) is the municipal social-services system responsible for protecting children's wellbeing. Its guiding principle is the best interests of the child, and the law requires it to work with the family using the least intrusive measures that help Lastensuojelulaki 417/2007.
It is not the police, it is not a punishment, and a notification is not proof that you did anything wrong. Many cases end with the family simply receiving support such as home help, financial assistance or family work.
2. The child welfare notification (lastensuojeluilmoitus)
A case usually begins with a notification. Certain professionals — teachers, doctors, nurses, police — are legally obliged to report a concern about a child; anyone else may also report one. The notification triggers an assessment of the child's service needs within set time limits.
During the assessment, social workers meet the child and the parents, gather information, and decide whether the family needs support and, if so, what kind. You are entitled to know that a notification has been made and, as a rule, to see what it concerns.
3. Support first — avohuollon tukitoimet
If support is needed, it is normally provided through open-care support measures (avohuollon tukitoimet) — voluntary, agreed with the family. These can include:
- family work and home services,
- support for the child's schooling, hobbies or wellbeing,
- financial support for the family's situation,
- a support person or support family,
- peer or therapy support for parents.
The aim is to fix the underlying difficulty so the child can safely stay at home.
4. When a child may be placed away from home
Removing a child from the family is a measure of last resort, used only when support measures are not enough and the child's health or development is seriously endangered. There are different forms:
Emergency placement (kiireellinen sijoitus)
If a child is in immediate danger, social services can place the child temporarily. An emergency placement is strictly time-limited and is kept only as long as it is necessary.
Taking into care (huostaanotto)
A longer-term measure. If the parents and a child aged 12 or over do not oppose it, the leading social-work official decides. If anyone entitled to be heard opposes it, the official cannot decide alone — the matter goes to the Administrative Court (hallinto-oikeus), which decides. Care is always intended to be temporary, and the law requires authorities to work towards reuniting the family when it is safe.
5. Your rights at every stage
- To be heard: you have the right to give your view before decisions about your child are made.
- To information: you can see the documents concerning your case, with limited exceptions.
- To an interpreter: if you do not speak Finnish or Swedish well, you are entitled to interpretation so you genuinely understand what is happening.
- To a support person or lawyer: you can bring someone to meetings, and you can be represented.
- To free legal aid: in care proceedings, public legal aid (oikeusapu) is commonly available, often without cost — use it.
- To appeal: formal decisions come with appeal instructions (valitusosoitus).
6. How to challenge a decision
You do not have to simply accept a decision you believe is wrong:
- Read the decision and its valitusosoitus — it states where and by when to appeal (often 30 days).
- A contested taking-into-care is decided by, or appealed to, the Administrative Court (hallinto-oikeus).
- A further appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court (KHO) may be possible, sometimes requiring leave to appeal.
- Get a lawyer involved early through oikeusapu — care cases move fast and the quality of your submission matters.